Network

Are you working with Nexus switches and looking to enhance your networking experience? Look no further! In this article, we will provide you with six more tips that will surely make your day better. So, let’s dive in! Enable Colorful Interface If you’re tired of the traditional black and white interface, Nexus switches have got … Read more

Welcome to the second part of our lesson on network devices. In this module, we aim to provide you with a clear understanding of how data flows through the internet. In the previous video, we covered the basics, including hosts, IP addresses, and networks. If you missed it, take a moment to watch it before … Read more

Welcome to an exciting journey into the world of cabling and Wi-Fi! In this article, we will dive into the two primary methods of connecting devices: wired and wireless. With a focus on the “Techal” brand, we will explore the Ethernet protocol, network addressing, and the importance of cabling in building robust networks. Wired vs. … Read more

Welcome to another live stream, where we’ll discuss the recent Facebook outage and the role of BGP, DNS, and Anycast in the incident. While I don’t have insider information, I observed some interesting details from my perspective as a network engineer. This session aims to use the Facebook outage as a teaching tool to explore … Read more

Firewalls play a crucial role in safeguarding networks by managing and controlling traffic flow. One effective approach is the use of zone-based firewalls, which allow for more granular security policies. In this article, we will explore the concept of zone-based firewalls and delve into the advanced features offered by Palo Alto Firewall. Understanding Zone Based … Read more

Have you ever wondered how our devices, whether wired or wireless, are able to send information to one another? It’s like a conversation between two individuals – for the communication to be effective, both parties need to understand each other. In the world of computer networking, devices achieve this by speaking the same “language.” The … Read more

Image: Spanning Tree Protocol When it comes to the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), understanding the different port states is crucial. In this article, we will explore these states in both the original STP and the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). Let’s dive in! The Original Spanning Tree Port States In the original version of STP, … Read more

The internet is like a captivating puzzle that unfolds before our eyes. But have you ever wondered what happens to your data when you send it across the web? Well, let me introduce you to the fascinating world of SSL and TLS. What Lies Beneath the Internet? Behind the scenes, the internet is a complex … Read more

Introduction: In the world of networking, the concepts of control and data planes play a crucial role in managing and forwarding traffic efficiently. Juniper, a renowned technology company, has successfully implemented these concepts in their Junos architecture. In this article, we will explore what control and data planes are and how they are used in … Read more

In today’s world, whether at work or at home, we are surrounded by a plethora of devices. From computers and printers to TVs, these devices have become an integral part of our lives. But have you ever wondered how they all communicate with each other? The answer lies in networking. Wired Connections: Making the Physical … Read more

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a vital component in most networks. While larger offices may have a dedicated DHCP server, smaller offices can benefit from running a DHCP server on a local router or switch. In this guide, we will explore how to configure a switch as a DHCP server and later convert it … Read more

Are you familiar with VLAN access and trunk ports? If you’re a technology enthusiast or engineer, understanding these concepts is crucial for efficient network configuration. In this article, we’ll delve into the world of VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) and explore the differences between access and trunk ports. What are Access Ports? Access ports are … Read more

Packet marking plays a crucial role in network traffic management, enabling routers and switches to prioritize data flow. In Juniper’s Junos operating system, packet marking is referred to as rewriting. Let’s delve into the details of how Juniper accomplishes this and explore a practical example. Understanding Junos Packet Marking When a packet lacks any markings, … Read more

Welcome to our Introduction to Networking series, where we aim to provide you with a solid foundation for understanding the world of networks. Whether you’re a technology enthusiast, aspiring engineer, or simply curious about how networks function, you’ve come to the right place. In this first part of our series, we will explore the fundamentals … Read more

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on OSPF neighbor adjacency states. In this guide, we will delve deep into the neighbor adjacency process and explore the sequence of states that two routers go through to establish a full neighbor relationship. Let’s get started! The Down State The neighbor adjacency process begins with the down state, which … Read more

Welcome to another informative article by Techal! In today’s discussion, we will unravel the often confusing terminologies associated with Network Address Translation (NAT) and Port Address Translation (PAT). By the end of this article, you will have a clear understanding of NAT, PAT, and the differences between static and dynamic translations. So, let’s dive in! … Read more

In this article, we will continue our journey into configuring a new Junos device. Previously, we covered the basic configuration steps, and now we will dive into some more interesting aspects. Let’s get started! Management Types and Configurations When configuring a Junos device, you have two options for management: in-band or out-of-band. In this configuration, … Read more

If you’re a technology enthusiast or engineer, you know that networks devices are essential for connectivity. In this article, we’ll explore the world of interfaces in Juniper devices, both physical and virtual. We’ll provide you with a comprehensive guide to understanding interface names, configurations, and functionalities. So, let’s dive in! Understanding Physical and Virtual Interfaces … Read more

In the fast-paced world of technology, it’s crucial to keep up with the constant advancements and changes. One area that has seen significant development is the realm of secure communication protocols. In this article, we’ll take a deep dive into the different versions of SSL and TLS and explore the key transformations that have occurred … Read more

The world of technology is constantly evolving, and with it, so are the protocols that ensure secure communications over the internet. One such protocol that has seen various iterations over the years is TLS/SSL. In this article, we will explore the different versions of TLS/SSL and understand their significance in the realm of cybersecurity. The … Read more

Welcome to our comprehensive guide to OSPF LSAs. In this article, we’ll explore the five main types of LSAs that exist in OSPF. Whether you’re a networking professional or a technology enthusiast, understanding LSAs is crucial to mastering OSPF. So let’s dive in! Type 1 LSAs – Router LSAs Type 1 LSAs, also known as … Read more

Are you looking for a comprehensive guide on how to configure Access Control Lists (ACL) on Cisco ASA Firewalls? Look no further! In this article, we will walk you through the process of setting up ACLs on your firewall to secure your network and control traffic flow. Introduction Access Control Lists (ACLs) play a crucial … Read more

Welcome to the world of TCP and UDP, the workhorses of the internet for the past four decades. In this article, we will delve into the key differences between TCP and UDP and debunk some common myths associated with these two layer 4 protocols. So, let’s get started on our TCP masterclass! TCP – Connection-oriented … Read more

Have you ever found yourself in a networking conversation where someone mentioned the control plane and the data plane? At first, it might seem confusing, but fear not, we are here to demystify these terms for you. The Ancient Soldier: An Analogy Imagine an ancient general organizing his troops. He assigns a soldier as a … Read more

Hello everyone! Welcome to another lab session where we will be using Packet Tracer to explore various networking concepts. In this fourth installment of our lab series, we will focus on DHCP, VLANs, EtherChannel, switching, and routing. The goal is to configure and validate different network configurations and gain a deeper understanding of how devices … Read more

In the world of networking, data is broken down into manageable chunks called packets before it is transmitted over a network. These packets are essential for efficient data transfer and network reliability. In this article, we will explore the concepts of Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) and IP fragmentation, which play a crucial role in network … Read more

Introduction: Are you familiar with vPC configuration? If not, you’re in the right place! In this guide, we’ll explore the inner workings of vPC (Virtual Port Channel) and how it can enhance your network. Whether you’re a technology enthusiast or an engineer, this article will provide you with the knowledge you need to understand and … Read more

Have you ever wondered how to find the number of subnets from a given mask? Understanding subnetting is crucial for network engineers and technology enthusiasts. In this article, we will explore the concept of subnetting and unveil the formula to determine the number of subnets. Subnetting: An Introduction Subnetting is the process of dividing a … Read more

Welcome to another informative lesson on OpenSSL! In this video, we will explore the commands related to inspecting RSA, DSA, and elliptic curve keys. Today, we will focus on adding and removing encryption from private key files. Examining the RSA Key Files Before we dive into the encryption process, let’s take a quick look at … Read more

Are you preparing to take an IT exam in 2023? If so, then this article is for you. We will be sharing the third study tip that will significantly boost your chances of success. Today, we will be discussing the importance of taking notes during your preparation. Why Taking Notes Matters Taking notes may seem … Read more

Are you ready to dive into the world of IPv6 configuration? In this guide, we will explore the different ways to assign addresses to devices using IPv6. Whether you’re a seasoned network engineer or just getting started with CCNA training, this comprehensive overview will give you the knowledge you need to navigate the world of … Read more

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on OSPF network types, where we will clarify the concepts that have left many technology enthusiasts and engineers scratching their heads. We have carefully curated this guide to provide a clear and concise understanding of OSPF network types and their applications. So, let’s dive in! The Basics: Point-to-Point and Broadcast … Read more

Have you ever wondered if your network interfaces are working like a charm? Well, wonder no more! In this fascinating article, we will dive deep into the world of Cisco CCNA and explore how to ensure the flawless operation of your interfaces without breaking a sweat. Seeking the Truth: Show Interface Description Let’s start by … Read more

Have you ever wondered about the inner workings of network protocols? How do they facilitate internet communication, and what makes them different? In this article, we will delve into the world of networking protocols by examining the intriguing relationship between HTTP and HTML. By understanding their dynamics, we can gain deeper insights into how internet … Read more

If you’re familiar with Cisco CCNA, you might be wondering about the time it takes for spanning tree to identify and handle loops. Does this process result in broadcast storms? Fortunately, spanning tree has a clever solution to address this concern. When an interface comes online, whether during switch startup, cable connection, or port enabling, … Read more

Transport Layer Security (TLS), the protocol that secures the internet, has undergone a major transformation with the release of TLS version 1.3. In this article, we will explore the significant changes brought about by TLS 1.3, focusing on simplicity and security. The Importance of TLS TLS, sometimes referred to as SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), is … Read more

Welcome to the first lesson of our new course on networking fundamentals! In this module, we will explore how data flows through the internet by understanding the various devices involved in making it possible. Let’s dive right in by unpacking hosts, IP addresses, and networks. Hosts: The Devices That Drive Communication Hosts are devices that … Read more

If you’ve been monitoring your firewall logs recently, you may have come across a relatively new protocol called QUIC. Like many others, you might be wondering what it is, if it’s relevant, and whether it poses any security threats to your network. Let’s dive in and find out. What is the QUIC Protocol? Originally released … Read more

In this captivating article, we will explore the fascinating world of SSL and TLS, and how they employ a myriad of cryptographic tools to ensure the security of your data. So far, we have delved into various concepts and it may have seemed a bit overwhelming. But fear not, because this article will provide a … Read more

The world of networking is a complex web of protocols and models. In our previous discussions, we explored the OSI and TCP/IP models, and now we’ll delve into the two transport layer protocols that ensure smooth data transfer: TCP and UDP. These protocols play a crucial role in transmitting information from one application to another. … Read more

In the realm of network tunneling, security is a top priority. One effective way to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of your data is by using IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) in conjunction with GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) tunnels. In this article, we will delve into the world of GRE encryption with IPSec, exploring the various … Read more

Welcome to lesson two of our practical OSPF series, where we will dive into the design-related elements of OSPF. In this lesson, we will discuss OSPF areas and the different types of routers that exist within OSPF. Why OSPF Areas Exist To truly understand OSPF areas, let’s first illustrate why they exist. Imagine a topology … Read more

Routers, a fundamental component of modern networks, play a crucial role in directing network traffic and ensuring data reaches its intended destination. Understanding how routers work and the concept of routing tables is essential for network engineers and technology enthusiasts alike. Introduction Imagine a scenario where you want to send a letter from your home … Read more

Network engineers and technology enthusiasts often work with spanning trees to ensure network efficiency and reliability. In this article, we will delve into the fundamentals of spanning trees, focusing on the original version and how it works. Let’s dive in! The Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) At the core of the spanning tree puzzle lies … Read more

In the world of networking, understanding the inner workings of RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) is essential for engineers and enthusiasts alike. Today, we will delve into the secrets of BPDU’s (Bridge Protocol Data Units) and the all-important root bridge. Understanding Bridge IDs in RSTP The concept of bridge IDs remains fundamental in RSTP, where … Read more

Welcome to another exciting installment of our Introduction to Juniper Series! In this article, we will delve into the world of routing tables and discover the intricate details of Juniper’s routing architecture. So, buckle up and get ready to expand your knowledge! Understanding Routing Tables When we talk about routing tables, we often think of … Read more

In this article, we will walk through the process of configuring a new Junos device from scratch. Whether you’ve been given an old switch that needs to be reset and set up or you’re starting with a brand new device, this guide will help you get started. We’ll cover everything from recovering passwords to performing … Read more

If you’re a Cisco enthusiast, you’re probably familiar with the Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP). Cisco offers an automatic option for configuring trunk links, simplifying the process and saving you valuable time. In this article, we’ll dive into the details of Cisco’s DTP and explore how it can benefit your network configuration. Understanding Dynamic Trunking Protocol … Read more

Routing packets efficiently is a crucial task that routers perform to ensure optimized network performance. Have you ever wondered how a router decides which path to take when multiple paths exist? In this article, we will dive into the concept of route precedence and explore how routers make this decision. Stay with us to unravel … Read more

Welcome to a comprehensive exploration of OSPF area types. In this article, we will delve into the five purported OSPF area types and shed light on their true nature. By the end, you will gain a deep understanding of these area types, the LSAs they contain, and the optimizations they offer. Understanding OSPF Area Types … Read more

Welcome to Techal, where we dive deep into the world of technology to bring you insightful analysis and comprehensive guides. In this article, we will be discussing Dynamic PAT (Network Address Translation) – a powerful tool for conserving IP addresses and enabling efficient network communication. Introduction Dynamic PAT, or Port Address Translation, is a form … Read more

Welcome back to the third installment of the VxLAN series! We’re excited to have you join us for another dive into the world of VxLAN. In the previous articles, we covered the basics of VxLAN, including encapsulation, tunnels, and VNI’s. In this article, we will focus on the spine-leaf topology, also known as a fabric. … Read more

Introduction: When it comes to EIGRP, the concepts of active and passive routes can be a bit confusing. However, understanding the difference between these two is crucial for efficient network management. In this article, we will break down the distinction between active and passive routes, their significance, and why avoiding active routes is essential. Let’s … Read more

In the world of secure communication, two important terms often mentioned alongside confidentiality, integrity, and authentication are anti-replay and non-repudiation. These terms play a crucial role in the protection of data transmitted over a network using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS). In this article, we will delve into the definitions of … Read more

Have you ever watched a movie where soldiers are storming a castle? They encounter various obstacles like moats, curtain walls, and towers. These castles were difficult to attack because they had multiple layers of security. The same concept applies to securing a system in the world of technology. Understanding Defense in Depth When it comes … Read more

Imagine you have multiple devices like desk phones, wireless access points, and security cameras that need to be connected to your network. Providing power to each device individually can be cumbersome and messy. Fortunately, there is a solution: Power over Ethernet (PoE). In this article, we will explore the concept of PoE and how it … Read more

Welcome to the walkthrough video for the solution to the “Find the Imposter – Layer 2” challenge lab. In this video, we will guide you through the process of solving this particular network. Let’s dive right in! Lab Setup The lab begins by fast-forwarding time to sort out any potential spanning tree issues in the … Read more

Imagine having a next-generation firewall that can protect you from malicious files, including the ever-evolving landscape of malware. With new malware variants being released regularly, how can your firewall keep up? Do you need a security specialist to manually analyze every single file? Not at all! Thanks to a feature called WildFire, Palo Alto firewalls … Read more

Have you ever wondered how we connect multiple devices in a network? Connecting hosts directly to each other can quickly become a scalability issue. Thankfully, networking devices called hubs were created to solve this problem. In this article, we will explore what hubs are and how they function in a network. What is a Hub? … Read more

In the fourth part of our series on designing your own enterprise network, we will delve into the world of WAN links. These links play a crucial role in connecting remote sites to the main office, typically provided by service providers. Let’s explore this topic in more detail. Understanding WAN Links WAN links are network … Read more